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Весь контент Peacemaker
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Meaning: that, this (prob. *Ha that, *He this)Indo-European: *e-n-, *o-n- (also *e- in Hitt. and IIr.)Altaic: *é (perhaps *a / *e mixed) Mongolian: *e-neMeaning: to breatheIndo-European: *anǝ- 'breathe' (Pok. 38-39)Altaic: Turk. *aŋkɨ- 'emit odour' ( > Mongolian. aŋgi-l-)Meaning: member of the clanIndo-European: *ar(y)- <PIH *a->Altaic: *ā́ri ( ~ *ḗra) Mongolian: *ereMeaning: backIndo-European: *ors- <PIH *o-> Or *org'h-i- <PIH *o-> 2862Altaic: *ằra Mongolian: *aruMeaning: fishIndo-European: *at-/*et-Altaic: (Manch., Mongolian. atu 'female fish')Meaning: deerIndo-European: *el-n-, *el-k'-Altaic: *ĕlV(-k`V) Mongolian: *iliMeaning: to wound, killIndo-European: *ăwā- 'to wound'Altaic: *ḗpo [perhaps *ḗbo, despite Mong.?] Mongolian: *abaMeaning: thisIndo-European: *i-, *ey-; *yo-Altaic: *i Mongolian: *i-nu-Meaning: elmIndo-European: *elem-Altaic: *ʔilVmV Mongolian: *(h)ilamaMeaning: to see, searchIndo-European: *eis-Altaic: *ič`V Mongolian: *(h)iča-Meaning: to eatIndo-European: *ed- 'to eat' (Pok. 287-288)Altaic: *ite Mongolian: *ide-Meaning: meatIndo-European: *mēms-Altaic: *úsu ( ~ o-, -i) [or to *waCV?]Meaning: selfIndo-European: *oino- ?Altaic: *oŋne (? cf. also *ni̯ŏŋe) Mongolian: *önü-Meaning: that, thisIndo-European: *ou-, *u- 'that' (very sparsely represented)Altaic: *ó Mongolian: *on-Meaning: oneIndo-European: (*ed-inъ, *edъ-va)Altaic: *i̯udeMeaning: breast, bellyIndo-European: *owǝdh-Altaic: *dṑ ( ~ t-) ? Mongolian: *do- / *du-Meaning: coldIndo-European: *ou-, *ouk'-, *oug'-Altaic: *ipe ( ~ i̯a-) Mongolian: *ebülMeaning: angerIndo-European: *obhr-Altaic: *i̯ắbò Mongolian: *(h)öɣe ~ *(h)eɣöMeaning: nearIndo-European: *obh-Altaic: *i̯obo ( ~ *i̯ubi) Mongolian: *ojiraMeaning: early, dawnIndo-European: *aus- ?Altaic: *éčaMeaning: to take care of, honourIndo-European: *ais-, *aiz-d- <PIH *isHo-s>Altaic: *ḕs Mongolian: *asara-Meaning: badIndo-European: *ag-Altaic: *ĕ̀ka (~ -o) Mongolian: *(h)egelMeaning: armpitIndo-European: *ak(')s-Altaic: *uk`V ( ~ *o-) Mongolian: *(h)ogo-da-suMeaning: lieIndo-European: *leugh-Altaic: *uĺu(-kV, -gV) Mongolian: *uligMeaning: germinated seeds, juice of berries or trees (?)Indo-European: *alut-, -d-Altaic: *aĺV Mongolian: *(h)alir-suMeaning: mother, womanIndo-European: *mā-t-er-Altaic: *ĕ̀me Mongolian: *emeMeaning: to see, eyeIndo-European: *ney- 'to shine, sparkle; to see' [Blazhek proposes IIr. *vain- 'see'?]Altaic: *ni̯ā̀ Mongolian: *nidüMeaning: an ungulateIndo-European: *ein-Altaic: *ènŋù Mongolian: *unaganMeaning: not, negative particleIndo-European: *nē, *ne, *neyAltaic: *ā̀niMeaning: to wish, helpIndo-European: *(o)nā-Altaic: *naja Mongolian: *najida-Meaning: to understand, brain (?)Indo-European: *āw-Altaic: *ēŋV Mongolian: *aɣuda-la-Meaning: otherIndo-European: *An-Altaic: *aŋV Mongolian: *aŋgi-Meaning: door jamb, poleIndo-European: *anǝt-ā-Altaic: *uŋt`V Mongolian: *(h)uni-Meaning: to put on, wearIndo-European: *ou-Altaic: *i̯òpe Mongolian: *ibeɣe-Meaning: take, seizeIndo-European: *ap-Altaic: *apV Mongolian: *abi-Meaning: rise, upIndo-European: *upoAltaic: *épu ( ~ -b-) 'up, rise' Mongolian: *öɣe-, *ög-se-Meaning: weak, exhaustedIndo-European: *āp[e]-Altaic: *op`á(rV) Mongolian: *(h)oburMeaning: food, to cookIndo-European: *eps-Altaic: *ep`ò Mongolian: *aɣag / *haɣagMeaning: open spaceIndo-European: *ārH- (also Hitt. hari- 'valley')Altaic: *ā́rV Mongolian: *ar-Meaning: to break, scatter, tearIndo-European: *rAw-Altaic: *ŏrV Meaning: earlyIndo-European: (*(o)rē(i)-)Altaic: *ḗre ( ~ -i)Meaning: a k. of insectIndo-European: *orik-Altaic: *ara Mongolian: *araɣalǯin Mongolian and Indo-European language similarities
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Каким образом монгольское слово соган/сонгино/-лук попало в туркменский язык?
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Восточно-ирано-монгольская теория. Также выдвигались предположения об отнесении хуннского языка к иранским (близким сака) или енисейским (Пуллиблэнк). Г. Бейли[27], Я. Харматта[28] и Г. Янковски[29]исходят из сакских этимологий хуннских слов. Согласно Харматте, большинство хуннов говорило на одном из восточноиранских диалектов, близком к сакскому. Примеры иранских слов: Совр. кит. шаньюй, др.-кит. *tān-wa — пратюрк. *darxan (позже орхон.-тюрк. tarqan) из иранского (в согдийском trγ’n, «титул»[30]). Др.-кит. *γāt-tə:j («жена шаньюя») — пратюрк. *xatun из согдийского *xuten[31]. Др.-кит. *ţoŋh («молоко, кумыс») — праиран. *dauγ-na («молоко одного удоя») Др.-кит. *bjəś şa («гребень») — от праиран. корня *paś- («расчёсывать»)
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Унгар! Вы почему минусуете?
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Оказывается,что монгольский язык очень похож на индо-европейский. Schleicher's fable (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schleicher's_fable):English non-literal translation:The Sheep and the HorsesA sheep that had no wool saw horses, one of them pulling a heavy wagon, one carrying a big load, and one carrying a man quickly. The sheep said to the horses: "My heart pains me, seeing a man driving horses". The horses said: "Listen, sheep, our hearts pain us when we see this: a man, the master, makes the wool of the sheep into a warm garment for himself. And the sheep has no wool". Having heard this, the sheep fled into the plain.Proto-Indo-European:Howis hekwos-kweHowis kesjo wlhneh ne hesthekwoms spekethoinom crhum wogom wegontm (Hitt. oikom grrum wogom wegontm)hoinom-kwe megehm boromhoinom-kwe dhgmonm hohku berontmHowis nu hekwobjos weuket:"Krd hegnutoi hmoihekwoms hegontm wihrom widnteiHekwos tu weukwont: "Kludi, howi!krd hegnutoi nsmei widntbjoshner, potis, howjom-r wlhnehmswebi germom westrom krneuti.Howjom-kwe wlhneh ne hesti.Tod kekluwos howis hegrom buget. Mongol:Howin atkwos-weHowin, kense nowlur es asanAtkwos usmegduiNegenu gucru hohgom yutgentemNegenu-we macim oboromNegenu-we humunem ohcum barintomHowin unu atkwosru eukulwet:Sed ubdnut mineAtkwos hegontom erim mednteAtkwos ten eukulwed: Duulsi, howin!Sed ubdnut nadnai medntruNer, bod, howinon ru nowlurimCubi galmum umeskrem jalganatHowinon-we nowlur ese ajTod dulaksan howin hegrom bugwet. http://www.theapricity.com/forum/archive/index.php/t-23148.html
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Два слова Хүн и Хүмүүн .Оба означают человека.Так что аметур-хисториану Ашина Чөни рано хихикаться!
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Да не правильно.Но здесь некии хиад .т.е .кият пишет свой род хиандр т.е.кияндар.Это по тюркски? Он вообше откуда не поиму.
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хүмүүн,хөмүүн /монг/-человек https://mongoltoli.mn/search.php?opt=1&ug_id=117555&word=ХҮМҮҮН# португальский homem французский homme эсперанто homo арумынский: om ассамский: মানৱ астурийский: humano бурятский: хүн валлийский: dyn валлонский: djin вьетнамский: con галисийский: home итальянский: uomo калмыцкий: күн каталанский: home латинский: homo молдавский: ом монгольский: хүн окситанский: òme праиндоевропейский: mánu- ретороманский: uman сицилийский: omu фриульский: om
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Президент Н. Назарбаев — потомок Чингисхана Генетические исследования, проводимые в Казахстане, дали потрясающий результат. Ученые — генетики доказали прямую наследственную связь между президентом Республики Казахстан Нурсултаном Назарбаевым и великим правителем древности Чингисханом. Существует гипотеза, растиражированная СМИ, согласно которой в настоящее время может насчитываться порядка 16 млн прямых потомков Чингисхана по мужской линии. В американском журнале генетики человека (American J. Human Genetics) в марте 2003 года (V.72, № 3) были опубликованы результаты изучения популяционной генетики ряда народов Азии, согласно которым у манчжуров, монголов, эвенков, китайцев (из северного, но не из южного Китая), уйгуров, казахов, киргизов, узбеков и у пакистанской народности хазарейцев встречается особый вариант Y-хромосомы (передается по мужской линии), которым по оценкам частоты встречаемости в выборках могут обладать около 16 миллионов ныне живущих мужчин. Два способа определения возраста обнаруженного варианта Y-хромосомы дали следующие оценки времени его появления: 1000 и 860 лет назад. Соответственно, это может указывать на то, что Чингисхан мог быть носителем данного варианта Y-хромосомы, это согласуется с тем, что у него было много потомков, так как он и его дети стояли во главе крупнейших государств и областей Евразии того времени. Согласно генетическим исследованиям, сегодня несколько миллионов мужчин, являющихся носителями субклады С2а3-F4002 Y-хромосомной гаплогруппы C-M130], вероятно являются потомками близких и дальних родственников Чингисхана по мужской линии (род Борджигин). Так, его старший сын оставил 40 сыновей. В свою очередь, внук Хубилай, правивший Китаем, имел 22 законных сына. Девочек от них должно было родиться не меньше.
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MONGOLS ii. Mongolian Loanwords in Persian MONGOLS ii. MONGOLIAN LOANWORDS IN PERSIAN It is difficult to analyze Mongolian elements in Persian separately from the Turkic ones. This is due to the fact that the speakers of both languages had been in contact with each other for a long time before the Mongolian presence can be traced in the Persian speaking area. Besides, early Turkic and Mongolian have many common features that were occasionally interpreted as indications to a genetic relationship between the two language families. Early Turkic elements are certainly present in Mongolian (Ligeti; Doerfer, 1963), but, on the other hand, a definite Mongolian influence on the Turkic languages can be documented from the 13th century onwards as well (cf. Poppe; Vladimirtsov). In spite of this, the Turkic and Mongolian elements in Persian can be clearly differentiated. The “Altaic” (Mongolian and Turkic) loanwords and morphology in Persian can be divided into three larger layers: 1. an older “pure” Turkic layer which consists of southern and eastern Turkic elements (Doerfer, 1959, p. 11); 2. a middle Mongolian and Turkic layer which includes both Mongolian elements and southern and eastern Turkic elements (Doerfer, 1959, pp. 11-12); 3. a later “pure” Turkic layer which comprises southernTurkic elements only (Doerfer, 1959, pp. 12-13). The penetration of Mongolian elements into the Persian language can be clearly traced chronologically, from the time of the conquests of Čengiz Khan (d. 1227) and his successors (see IL-KHANIDS) in the early and middle 13th century up to the collapse of the Timurid dynasty in the late 15th and early 16th century. Different arguments show that Mongolian was already dead in the late Il-khanid period (Spuler, pp. 457-58), but also that it remained in use in the Persian speaking area up until the Timurid times. The arguments in favor of the latter are as follows: 1. during the reign of Timur (1371-1405) some coins still bore the Mongolian expression üge manu (‘our word’; Doerfer, 1963, p. 17); 2. Mongolian songs were chanted at the court of Timur (Naṭanzi, see Doerfer, 1963, p. 17); 3. Mongolian decrees and Mongolian secretaries are attested for the 14th-century Persia (Doerfer and Herrmann, 1975a; Idem, 1975b; Hinz, 1954, p. 345); 4. Mongolian-Persian vocabularies were compiled until as late as the end of the 15th century (Doerfer, 1963, p. 16); 5. new Mongolian words, which are not found in earlier works, like those of ʿAlāʾ-al-Din ʿAtā Malek Jovayni or Fażl-Allāh Rašid-al-Din (see Doerfer, 1963, p. 16 and Idem, 1959, pp. 18-19), continued to appear in the 15th-century Timurid historical compositions, such as the chronicles of Neẓām-al-Din Šāmi (written in 1404), Moʿin-al-Din Naṭanzi (written in 1412), ʿAbd-Allāh Ḥāfeẓ-e Abru (several works written in 1410s and 1420s, see ḤĀFEẒ-E ABRU), and ʿAbd-al-Razzāq Samarqandi (written in 1471). According to Gerhard Doerfer (1963, p. 35; Idem, 1959, pp. 16-19), Mongolian (and, in general, Altaic) elements in Persian can be divided into five categories: 1. names; 2. titles that often represent “dead” vocabularies; 3. words that are considered and described in Persian sources to be of Mongolian origin; 4. special terms which were not of common knowledge and were only used by a few authors (foreign words); 5. loanwords in a narrower sense, that is, those available in living vocabularies. Further to that, according to Doerfer who follows Artturi Kannisto’s model of systematic grouping (Kannisto, 1925, pp. 237-40), Mongolian elements in Persian can be divided into twelve semantic groups (Doerfer, 1963, pp. 37-44). 1. Terms for body parts, sensory perception, movement, sickness, death, etc. (Pers. amān ‘mouth’ < Mong. aman; Pers. yāsūn ‘corpse’ < Mong. yasun ‘bones’). 2. Animals, stockbreeding, hunting, etc. (Pers. ahtā ‘gelding’ < Mong. aqta ~ aχta; Pers. buluḡān ‘sable, Mustela zibellina’ < Mong. bulaγan; Pers. čīna ‘wolf’ < Mong. čino). 3. Plants, agricultural terms, etc. (Pers. būrqāt ‘willow(-tree), Salix arenaria’ < Mong. burγasun, pl. burγat; Pers. sūqāi ‘tamarisk’ < Mong. suqai). 4. Terms for different terrains, minerals, weather conditions, etc. (Pers. arāl ‘isle’ < Mong. aral; Pers. bōrān ‘storm’ < Mong. bōrān ‘[snow-]storm’; Pers. elat ‘sand, desert’ < Mong. elesün, pl. elät; Pers. salqīn ‘wind’ < Mong. salqīn). 5. “Everyday life,” dwelling, clothing, food, festivities, games, business, trade, etc. (Pers. degala ‘jacket with short sleeves’ < Mong. degäläi; Pers. ogulg ‘gift, present’ < Mong. öglige; Pers. qabturḡā ‘square bag’ < Mong. qabtaγa(n) ‘purse’). 6. Terms of relationship (Pers. abāqā ‘father’s brother’ < Mong. abaġa, Pers. beri‘daughter-in-law’ < Mong. beri; Pers. berīgan ‘elder brother’s wife’ < Mong. berigän; Pers. ebuga ‘grandfather, ancestor’ < Mong. ebüge ‘ancestor’; Pers. elančīk‘great-grandfather’ < Mong. elenčeg; Pers. ōtčigīn ~ ōtǧīkin ‘youngest son’ < Mong. otčikin). 7. State, government, judgment, law, administration, etc. (Pers. urān ‘throne’ < Mong. ōran ‘place, throne’; Pers. ōrdū ‘imperial court, camp of the khan’s troops’ < Mong. orda ‘court of the khan, camp’; Pers. qarātū ‘belonging to the household’ < Mong. qariyatu ‘subordinate’; Pers. qūnqū ~ qōnqū ‘wife of the Great-khan [in China]’ < Mong. quvaŋqu ‘empress’ < Chin.; Pers. tüšimäl ‘official [of lower rank]’ < Mong. tüsimel ‘official’). 8. Sphere of war (Pers. barānḡār ‘right wing of an army’ < Mong. bara’un ġar ~ baran ġar; Pers. čaḡdāvul ‘rearguard, commander of the rearguard’ < Mong. čaγdaγul ‘rearguard’; Pers. kebtevul ‘night watch’ < Mong. kebtegül; Pers. mess‘swords, arming’ < Mong. mesäs, pl. of mesä ‘sword’). 9. Sphere of religion (Pers. arūn ‘kind, obliging’ < Mong. ariγun ‘pure’; Pers. lāma‘lama, Buddhist monk’ < Mong. lama < Tibet.; Pers. erkevun ‘Nestorian priest’ < Mong. erke’ün ‘priest’; Pers. yada ‘rain magic, rain-stone’ < Mong. ǰada [< Early Turkic *ǰadă]; Pers. šārīl ‘religious relic’ < Mong. šaril). 10. Mathematics, space and time, chronology, religious holidays, etc. (Pers. dālān‘seventy’ < Mong. dalan). 11. Terms for colors and other adjectives (Pers. baqa ‘small, little’ < Mong. baġa; Pers. bīdūn ‘simple, common’ < Mong. bidün < bidügün; Pers. kečev ‘coarse, rough, strict’ < Mong. kečegü; Pers. korn ‘dark brown (color of a horse)’ < Mong. kürän). 12. Abstracta (Pers. asarāmīšī ‘to care for somebody, to educate (a child)’ < Mong. asara- ). The spelling of the Mongolian words (as well as of the Altaic elements in general) in Persian by the means of the Arabic alphabet was not standardized. It can show minor deviations, depending on the period of time and the author (for more details see Doerfer, 1963, pp. 17-22). Bibliography: G. Doerfer, “Prolegomena zu einer Untersuchung der altaischen Lehnwörter im Neupersischen,” Central Asiatic Journal 5/1, 1959, pp. 1-26. Idem, Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen. Unter Berücksichtigung älterer neupersischer Geschichtsquellen, vor allem der Mongolen- und Timuridenzeit; vol. I: Mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen, Wiesbaden, 1963. Idem, “Zu mongolisch ‘Keyenüwe’,” Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 28, 1974, pp. 99-110. Idem, “Mongolica aus Ardabīl,” Zentralasiatische Studien 9, 1975, pp. 187-263. G. Doefer and G. Herrmann, “Ein persisch-mongolischer Erlaß des Ğalāyeriden Šeyh Oveys,” Central Asiatic Journal 19/1-2, 1975a, pp. 1-84. Idem, “Ein persisch-mongolischer Erlaß aus dem Jahr 725/1325,” ZDMG 125/2, 1975b, pp. 317-46. W. Hinz, “Die persische Geheimkanzlei im Mittelalter,” Westöstliche Abhandlungen, ed. F. Meier, Wiesbaden, 1954, pp. 342-55. A. Kannisto, “Die tatarischen Lehnwörter im Wogulischen,” Finnisch-ugrische Forschungen 17, 1925, pp. 1-264. L. Ligeti, “Histoire du lexique des langues turques,” Rocznik Orientalistyczny 17, 1953, pp. 80-91. N. Poppe, “The Turkic Loan-words in Middle-Mongolian,” Central Asiatic Journal1, 1955, pp. 36-42. B. Spuler, Die Mongolen in Iran, 2nd ed., Berlin, 1955. B. Ya. Vladimirtsov, “Turetskie èlementy v mongol’skom yazyke” (Turkish elements in the Mongolian language), Zapiski Vostochnogo Otdeleniya Imperatorskogo Rossiĭskogo Arkheologicheskogo Obshchestva 20, 1910, St. Petersburg, 1912, pp. 153-84. (Michael Knüppel) Last Updated: April 15, 2010 http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/mongols-loanwords
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Монгольское хүн,хүмүүн/human/eng/-человек,люди/ тоже индоиранское заимствование при посредничестве булгаров?
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У нас корейцев называют цагаан хятад/белые китайцы/, а настояшего китайца хар хятад т.е .черные китайцы.А китайца иммигранта называют хужаа/очень похож на ваш термин ходжа/. Кстати среди халха есть род хужаа.Вполне вероятно что ,они могут быть родственниками ваших ходжа-арабов или частью монголизированних казахов/хасгууд/. Монгол ни когда свой род не запишет в название хужаа .
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Нет ,китаец.
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https://365info.kz/2015/02/fotoproekt-kazax-novoe-lico-kazaxstana-chast-5/