eleri

Тоже думал, но оказывается полный петроглиф - такой. у второго лыжных палок нет. Может он ему стрелу дает? но все же кажется оружие

Карагул ботом похож на Женский кошок Есть ли у других народов "мужской плач-кошок"?

Интересно, что за оружие в правой руке? Запутывалка-веревка? Или двустороннее копье? Просто мужик конечно серьезный, но не может же он держать две стрелы сразу. Или как в фентези может стрелять двумя? Четвертый Сундук на р. Белый Июс (по Севастьяновой) Источник. О.С. Советова. Петроглифы Тагарской эпохи на Енисее (сюжеты и образы), Новосибирск, 2005

женское украшение ама. На тканую основу нашиты внахлест серебряные монеты. Такие "чешуйчатые" украшения удивительно напоминают воинские доспехи. Серебро и богатая вышивка призваны были защищать девочек, девушек и женщин, вернее, их женское начало от злых духов, сглаза и чар. Украшения передавались по наследству. Их обновляли, заменяя утраченные монеты другими. Название украшения ама восходит к имени богини плодородия. Этот элемент костюма значим для праздничной культуры в Аликовском, Моргаушском, Красночетайском, Вурнарском и Ядринском районах. Их продолжают надевать на все семейно-родовые торжества, свадьбы, а также сельские гуляния. http://chuvash-costume.blogspot.com/ ама - умай?

Я так понял, что в боях за историю у вас пулемет и денег много (один патрон два доллара). я же написал, если евнух взяточник и педик, почему бы и нет. пусть будет полмиллиона. сдаемсу Кстати Джордж Оруел сказал все это гораздо короче чем у вас: "Кто контролирует прошлое - тот контролирует настоящее, кто контролирует настоящее - тот контролирует будущее" (в цитате, вашей?)

Алкыш рахметов

Лично я отношу к Умай также треугольники углом внизу, как эти тумары на киргизском туш-кийизе Или у этой турецкой актрисы А также тамгу у Тоньукука стелы На попках наших праапашек также много треугольников углом вниз

Стас, у вас фото называется "Хуртуях-тас" (какой точный перевод?). Это что название всех "женских камней". Просто думал, что Хуртуях-тас - это вот эта потом у хакасов видел вот это как умай новодел конечно, но почему так а не иначе?

Интересно, никогда не слышал про Бай-Ана. Как это интерпретируется сегодня? Можно так? Умай=(У)Бай, при то, что б=м, ben=мен

Я взял этот рисунок половчанки со статьи (примерно) "влияние половецкого костюма на одежду северокавказцев". насчет захоронения не знаю, но автор также привел балбалы половецкого времени. рогов конечно там не видно, но все остальное похоже Хотя снизу вторая слева, возможно с рогами и возможно она на реконструкции

Нет я спрашивал про фото. Там у девушки белдемчи - у нас его одевают только замужние женщины, поэтому мне стало интересно. У нас у невест и девушек перья от совы (не так романтично, но и не жестко - журавлей жалко больше чем сов ) Каркыра - больше походит на Умай - ведь есть еще образ Умай - как птицы, гнездящейся в воздухе (не знаю у какого народа)

Рахмет, у нас остались только две косы для замужних женщин, в которые часто вплетают кучу всякого и элечек сверху. у монголов красивее Хотя бельдемчи одевают после свадьбы. А это реальная одежда или девушка нацепила все монгольское?

Там можно после регистрации перевести на русский интерфейс - edit - Choose primary Просто я раньше не особо использовал. потом увидел Чоротегина там. думаю, ну раз такие люди пишут сюда

Один мой знакомый друг (русский) с Москвы, написал статью. мне понравился его подход. он рассмотрел Российскую колониальную политику не в общем, а с точки зрения характеров личностей генерал-губернаторов (их идеи, прожекты, связи во дворе т.п.). Вряд ли можно как-то анализировать слова поручика (по нашему прапора ). так что действительно стоит просто принять дату и особо не думать об этом

http://forum-eurasica.ru/index.php?/topic/1129-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8/ Там ниже статья Сапаралиева

Dateline of Ancient History of the Kyrgyz and the Kyrgyz Republic Time Tenir Too and Central Asia South Siberia, Mongolia and China 1 million years ago Lower Palaeolithic site in Ulalinka in Mount Altai. The most ancient apelike man – Pithecanthropus lives here 300 – 100 thousands years B.C. Lower Palaeolithic sites in On-Archa and Khoja-Bakhyrgan-sai. Peking man (Sinanthropus) lives on the local territory 100 – 40 thousands years B.C. Mousterian period when Neanderthal men lived in Central Asia. Tosor and Kapchyghay archaeological sites 40 – 10 thousands years B.C. Upper Palaeolithic site in Kojo-Tor – modern Man appears 34 thousands years B.C. Palaeolithic site of Ak-Syia in Ak-Uus valley 20 – 10 thousands years B.C. Afontovo Mount II Palaeolithic site in Yenisei 10 – 7 thousands years B.C. Beginning of Mesolithic period – archaeological sites of Obishir caves and cave near Tashkumyr city 6 – 3 thousands years B.C. Neolithic period: Development of new technologies – so called “Neolithic Revolution” 4 thousands years B.C. Domestication of animals and development of cattle-breeding End of III millennium B.C. Epoch of Bronze III – beginning of II millennium B.C. Afanasyevo culture Middle of II millennium B.C. Okunevo culture II millennium B.C. Ancient drawings of Saymaly Tash valley XVIII-VIII B.C. Sites of Bronze Epoch in Jal-Aryk, Jaly-Kechuu burial ground XVI-XIV B.C. Wide distribution of bronze, development of agriculture and cattle-breeding XVI B.C. Xia dynasty overthrew by Shang-Ing in China in 1766 B.C., Shun Wei went to steppes XV-XII B.C. Andronovo culture XIII-VIII B.C. First agricultural communities of Osh, Nookat and Dalverzin sites – Chust culture in Fergana valley, Karasuk and Zamaraevo cultures on the north of KR Late Bronze period – Karasuk culture VIII-III B.C. Scytho-Siberian cultural community VIII-I B.C. Tagar culture in Yenisei VII B.C. Beginning of Iron Age VI B.C. Campaigns of Achaemenid Empire (Iran) to Central Asia VI-III B.C. Saka tribe union in Tenir Too 530 B.C. Achaemenid emperor Cyrus II defeated and killed by Tomiris – queen of Massagetae 519 B.C. Darius I in Behistun (Nakshi Rustem) inscription mentioned names of saka tigraxauda ("Saka with sharp-pointed caps"), saka haumavarga ("Saka who use/prepare haoma"), saka tyaiy para sugdam ("Saka beyond Sogdia"), the saka tyaiy paradraya ("Saka beyond the sea") 329-327 B.C. Invasion of Alexander the Great in Central Asia IV-I B.C. Shoro-Bashat culture in Fergana valley – Ta Yuan state 256-206 B.C. Ch’in (Qin) dynasty in China, - construction of Great Wall 202 B.C.-220 A.D. Han dynasty in China 201 Mao-tun shan-yu of the Hsiung-nu (209-174 B.C.) conquered the Kyrgyz (Ko-k’un). First record of ethnic name of the Kyrgyz in written sources II B.C. – IV A.D. Tashtyk culture in Yenisei ca. 182 B.C. Wu-sun conquered by Yueh-chih, Nantou-mi [ruler of Wu-sun] was killed and his son Lechiao-mi brought up by Mao-tun 167 B.C. Yueh-chih defeated by Chiu-chu (Lao-shang) shanyu (174-161 B.C.) and migrated to Western Tenir Too ca. 160 B.C. Wu-sun attacked Yueh-chih and they migrated to Bactria (Northern Afghanistan) after 160 B.C. – ca. between 158-154 B.C. Wu-sun separated from Hsiung-nu and became independent 160-99/98 B.C. Lechiao-mi k’unmi – ruler of Wu-sun 141-87 B.C. Emperor Han Wu-ti ruled Chine between 133-129 B.C. Wu-sun independent attacks on Yueh-chih and perhaps Bactria 128-126 B.C. Chinese ambassador Chan Ch’ien visited to Ta Yuan (Fergana) 117 B.C. Embassy of Wu-ti (Han emperor) headed by Chan Ch’ien came to Wu-sun 107 B.C. Han princess Hsi-chung became right (lesser) wife of Lechiao-mi k’unmi 104 B.C. Unsuccessful campaign of Han China against Ta Yuan state in Fergana 102-101 B.C. Campaign of Li Kuanli against Ta Yuan, assault of Ershi; Mugua – ruler of Ta Yuan was killed; Mochai raised as new ruler of Ta Yuan 100 B.C. Mochai, protégé of Han was killed; Chang Fin, brother of Mugua became new ruler of Ta Yuan 99 B.C. Chinese commander Li Lin yielded himself prisoner to Hsiung-nu and Ch’iu-ti-heu shanyu he married Li Lin to his daughter and gave him possession of Chien-k'un (the Kyrgyz) with the title “western chou-ke king” 99/98-94 B.C. Chunghsyu-mi k’unmi grandson of Lechiao-mi – ruler of Wu-sun ca. 97 B.C. Han princess Hsi-chung died and Wu-ti sent princess Cheyu to k’unmi 94-60 B.C. Wenkui-mi k’unmi – ruler of Wusun 90 B.C. Li Lin with the Kyrgyz forces took part in Yan-chian battle on Hulugu Shan-yü’s side when the Hsiung-nu smashed Chinese army of 70 thousands men in number leaded by General Li Guan-li of Ershi 74 B.C. Death of Li Lin 73 B.C. 71 B.C. Hsiung-nu were attacked by Wu-sun, Wu-huan, and insurgent Ting-lings and the Hsiung-nu lost one-third of population because of war and starvation 63-61 B.C. Ting-lings invaded and plundered lands of the Hsiung-nu, killing thousands of them, driving horses and cattle away. The Hsiung-nu sent more then 10 000 cavalry to recapture them, but failed 60-57 B.C. Ni-mi k’unmi – ruler of Wusun 57-54 B.C. Wuchiutu k’unmi – ruler of Wu-sun the Kyrgyz were involved in internecine war in the Hsiung-nu state 55-54 B.C. Wu-sun state cleft into two parts ruled by great k’unmi - Yuangkui-mi with 60000 families and lesser k’unmi Wuchiutu with 40000 families 51 B.C. Princess Cheyu returned to Han 48 B.C. Chih-chih shanyu succeeded in imposing his authority over the Wu-chieh/Hu-ch'ieh, Chien-kun (Kyrgyz) and Ting-ling, but was unable to conquer the Wu-sun 47 B.C. Chih-chih with 3000 warriors went to Kanju 42 B.C. Chih-chih smashed Chik’u – capital of Wu-sun 36 B.C. Chih-chih defeated by Han commander Cheng Tan I-V A.D. Kushan State in Central Asia 9 A.D. Wu-sun severed relationship with China Van Man’s coup in China, Han renamed to Hsing 15 – 41 A.D. Kujula Kadfiz – ruler of Kushan 73 – 100 A.D. Commander of Han administration in Western Regions – Pan Ch’ao 48 A.D. Disintegration of Hsiung-nu into two parts: northern and southern 78 – 106 A.D. Kanishka – ruler of Kushan 85 A.D. Ting-lings and Southern Hsiung-nu attacked Nothern Hsiung-nu 90 Pan Ch’ao defeated Yueh-chih invaded Kashgar 92 Part of Northern Hsiung-nu migrated to Jeti Suu 116 Kashgar entered into alliance with Yueh-chih; war between Yueh-chih and Han 136 or 141? T’an-shih-huai was born 155 T’an-shih-huai was elected as patriarch of Hsien-pi 157 T’an-shih-huai repulsed Ting-ling attacks on the north, defeated Wu-sun on the west, invaded China 159 T’an-shih-huai invaded China – “Great Plunder” II A.D. Migration of Hsiung-nu to Europe 160 Dionysius Periegetes mentioned about Huns in Europe 169 T’an-shih-huai raided Southern Siberia 181 T’an-shih-huai died 221 Fall of Late Han dynasty Wu-sun: Dates of Reign of K’unmi Name Cognation Years Nantou-mi Last k’unmi of Wu-sun state in Kansu (Central China) (?-182 B.C.) Lechiao-mi Son of Nantou-mi, founder of Wu-sun state in River Ili valley 160-99 B.C. Chunghsyu-mi Grandson of Lechiao-mi 99-94 B.C. Wenkui-mi Grandson of Lechiao-mi 94-60 B.C. Ni-mi (Kuan-van) Son of Chunghsyu-mi and Hsiung-nu princess 60-57 B.C. Wuchiutu Son of Ni-mi (Kuan-van) and Hsiung-nu princess 57-55 B.C. Great K’unmi Years Lesser K’unmi Years Yuangkui-mi, son of Wenkui-mi and Han princess Cheyu 55-52 B.C. Wuchiutu 55-35 B.C. Hsin-mi, son of Yuangkui-mi 52-36 B.C. Chili-mi, son of Hsin-mi 36-18 B.C. Fuli, son of Wuchiutu 35-33 B.C. Jiar, little brother of Fuli 33-32 B.C. Angxi, son of Fuli 32-19 B.C. Ichi-mi, grandson of little brother of Chili-mi 18 B.C. - ? A.D. Mochangchian, little brother of Angxi 19-17 B.C. Angli-mi, son of Angxi 17 B.C.-? A.D.

Да мля ничего себе написал, куда делась та молодая энергия

Dateline on Medieval History of the Kyrgyz and the Kyrgyz Republic Time Tenir Too and Central Asia South Siberia, Mongolia and China 1219-1221 Central Asia occupied by Mongols Yenisei Kyrgyz included in Jochi ulus, but after his death, Kyrgyz lands under Great Khan administration XIII About 50% of Turkic tribes forced out from Tenir Too by Mongol conquerors. Chagatai ulus on the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic 1227 Genghis Khan died 1228 – 1241 Ogedei – is the Great Khan of Mongol Empire 1242 Chagatai died; his grandson Kara-Hulagu became successor of Chagatai ulus 1242 – 1246 Great Khan throne is unoccupied 1246 – 1248 Guyug (the House of Ogedei) is the Great Khan of Mongol Empire; Batu (the House of Jochi) did not submitted to him 1248 Batu proposed Mongke – prince from the House of Tolui as Great Khan 1251 Plot of princes of Ogedei and Chagatai Houses against Mongke After discovering the plot, the House of Ogedei was almost liquidated. The Kyrgyz-Kypchak tribes of Yenisei-Irtysh interfluve were conveyed to Arik-Buqa, little brother of Mongke. Summer headquarters of Arik-Buqa is in “country of the Kyrgyz” 1251 – 1259 Mongke is the Great Khan of Mongolian Empire 1259 – 1264 Struggle between Arik-Buqa and his big brother Qubilai for Great Khan throne 1264 Arik-Buqa surrendered at discretion of his brother. His army assembled in Altai and Yenisei stayed in Tenir Too 1265 – 1266 Tenir Too under the rule of Algui (the House of Chagatai) 1266 The House of Chagatai elected Mubarek-shah as khan of Chagatai ulus, but Qubilai concurred with it. He sent there his protégé Borak 1268 Qaidu (the House of Ogedei) defeated Borak and proclaimed himself as the Great Khan 1269 Kurultai – congress of Genghisids under the leadership of Qaidu is held in Talas. Borak in Maverannahr became the vassal of Qaidu Ca. 1260s – 1297 The Kyrgyz-Kypchak tribes of Yenisei-Irtysh interfluve under the rule of Yuan governor Toqtaq who was Turkic origin from Altai 1270/71 Borak died – Chagataids obeyed to Qaidu 1282 Qaidu handed Maverannahr to Duva (Tuva) – son of Borak 1289 – 1290 Oirat, Kyrgyz, Kypchak, Kangly supported Qaidu in his struggle against Qubilai, but defeated. Qubilai resettled part of the Kyrgyz-Kypchak tribes in different regions of Mongolia 1297 – 1323 Chunkur – son of Toqtaq – ruler of the Kyrgyz-Kypchak tribes in Hangai 1301/02 Qaidu died 1303, spring Chapar - old son of Qaidu – became a new ruler of “Qaidu state” 1305 Unrest of Chagataids leaded by Duva against Chapar; restoration of independence of Chagatai ulus Chunkur – Yuan commander of the Kyrgyz-Kypchak army attacked Chapar possession in Altai 1306/07 Death of Duva; intestine war for power among the House of Chagatai 1309 – 1318 Esen-Buqa – son of Duva – ruler of Chagatai ulus 1314 – 1315 Chunkur invaded Ysyk-Kol and Talas with his Kyrgyz-Kypchak army 1318 – 1326 Kebek – little brother of Esen-Buqa – ruler of Chagatai ulus 1326 – 1334 Reign of Tarmashirin – brother of Kebek. He adopted Islam and propagated it and thanks to his activity he was named as Ala ad-Din (the Greatness of Faith) 1334 Unrest of Yasa (codex of Genghis Khan) upholders; Jenkshi – grandson of Duva became the new ruler 1346 Turkic emir Kazagan became the actual ruler of Maverannahr, but enthroned puppet khan from the House of Chagatai 1348 Ruler of Mangalai Sube (Frontier Region) Puladchi from Duglat tribe enthroned Togluk-Timur (son of Esen-Buqa) as the khan of Mogulistan Middle of XIV There are three khanates on the territory of the Northern Tenir Too: possession of Puladchi, ulus of Kamar ad-Din, and possession of Shir-Bahram (the House of Chagatai) Second half of XIV Union of the Kyrgyz-Kypchak tribes headed by Inka Ture (Anga tore) Bai Murat Cherik (Cherik is one of the Kyrgyz tribes today) 1365 “Jangi-I Loi” – “Mud Battle” – Tenir Too Mogols defeated Timur (Tamerlan) and Hussein 1370/71 Timur seized some regions of the southern Tenir Too 1375 Timur took the field against ulus of Kamar ad-Din 1376 Kamar ad-Din laid siege to Andijan which ruled by Omar-sheik – son of Timur 1377 Timur’s devastating raid against ulus of Kamar ad-Din 1383 Another one campaign of Timur against ulus of Kamar ad-Din 1380s Anti-Timur coalition of Kamar ad-Din, Inka Tore, Tokhtamysh (khan of White Horde) and, later in 1389, Hyzr-khoja (Mangalai Sube) 1387 – 1388 Tokhtamysh invaded Maverannahr and Inka Tore besieged Andijan but both retreated 1389 Devastation of Tenir Too by Timur’s troops. Campaign against Inka Tore 1390 Timur’s campaign against Kama ad-Din Ca. 1390 – 1425 Hegemony of the Kyrgyz in Altai-Hangai region leaded by Ugechi-Hashaga and his son Esehu Khan 1389 – 1399 Hyzr-khoja is puppet khan of Tenir Too Moguls as vassal of Timur. Domination of Duglat tribe headed by Khudaidad in Tenir Too 1405 Death of Timur 1407 – 1408 Ugechi-Hashaga defeated by Oirot ruler Batula from Choros tribe 1415 Death of the Kyrgyz leader Ugechi-Hashaga; succession of his son Esehu Khan 1415 – 1425 Struggle between Esehu Khan and Uveis. According to “Tarih-I Rashidi” Uveis khan won only one battle out of a 61 and twice was captured 1424 Ulukbek – successor of Timur suppressed unrest of his vassal Shir-Mohammed in Tenir Too 1425 – 1428 Borak Khan ruler of Kazakh. Formation of Kazakh tribal union 1428 Uveis – leader of Tenir Too nomads defeated by Ulukbek in Ysyk-Kol. Moguls divided into two groups headed by children of Uveis: Yunus and Esen-Buqa. Yunus and his followers were defeated and migrated to Maverannahr (about 30 000 families) 1428 – 1468 Abulkhair Khan – ruler of Uzbeks. Formation of Uzbek tribal union Ca. 1450s Esen-taisha – grandson of Batula inflicted cruel defeat on the Kyrgyz. Beginning of return of the Kyrgyz to Tenir Too after Timur pushed them away from here There is reflection of those events in “Manas” – epos of the Kyrgyz and “Jangar” (“Jangariada”) – Oirat epos about epoch of Batula, his son Togon-taisha and Esen. “Great Campaign” of Manas is against Esen-taisha in “Manas” epos. Jakyp – father of Manas told him that in time of Nogoi, the Kyrgyz ruled over Oirats, but after his death Esen-khan beat the Kyrgyz, drown their lands in blood and disperse his posterity all over the world. Manas leader of the Kyrgyz is third person in Oirat state in “Jangar” epos. 1455/56 Yunus, supported by Timurid Abu-Said – ruler of Maverannahr, returned from Persia to try to unify Mogulistan, but after unfortunate clash with Esen-Buqa near Kashgar, “people dispersed from him” Ca. 1470 Arrival of the Kyrgyz to Tenir Too Ca. 1480s Yunus, supported by Kerim-Berdi, influential possessor of Mogulistan, became dummy khan of Mogulistan 1484 Son of Yunus, Akhmad, secretly ran to the Kyrgyz. The Kyrgyz invited him because he was from the Genghis House 1487 Death of Yunus; succession of his son Makhmud 1501 Akhmad Khan of the Kyrgyz defeated by Uzbek Sheibani-khan of Maverannahr and was taken prisoner 1503/04 Akhmad returned from captivity and died not long after it; succession of his son Mansur 1504 – 1509 The Kyrgyz decided to enthrone the little brother of Mansur, Sultan-Halil-Sultan as their khan who was joined by his brother Sultan-Said. Intestine war between Sultan-Halil-Sultan, Mansur-khan and Makhmud-khan 1507/08 Sultan-Halil-Sultan and the Kyrgyz defeated by Mansur-khan, who became a ruler of Moguls. Sultan-Halil-Sultan died and Sultan-Said escaped and ran to Kabul Ca. 1510 “Kyrgyz render living in Mogulistan impossible for Moguls” headed by Mohammed-Kyrgyz 1514 Sultan-Said supported by the Kyrgyz took power over Kashgar. Part of Moguls began to migrate to Afghanistan and Northern India to Babur 1517 Campaign of Sultan-Said against Kyrgyz. Mohammed-Kyrgyz betrayed by his surroundings and gave up to Sultan-Said 1522 Mohammed-Kyrgyz released from custody and returned to the Kyrgyz 1524 Mohammed-Kyrgyz entered into an agreement with Kazakh Tahir-Sultan for union against Moguls but arrested by Sultan-Said and died in prison in 1533 1524/25 Campaign of Sultan-Said against the Kyrgyz 1526 Sultan-Said withdraw his son “Rashid-Sultan and all Moguls from Mogulistan to Kashgar”, “Koy Cheriki” – “Sheep Raid” 1533 – 1565/66 Reign of Rashid-khan in Kashgar 1537 Kyrgyz-Kazakh army defeated by Rashid-khan. Kyrgyz forced out from Ysyk-Kol 1565 Rashid-khan and Uzbek Nouruz-Akhmad-khan defeated the Kazakh-Kyrgyz army headed by Bubulash-Sultan Ca. 1560s

Dateline on Medieval and Modern History of the Kyrgyz Time Tenir Too and Central Asia 1560s Adoption of Islam by the Kyrgyz Second half of XVI Struggle of the Kyrgyz and people of Eastern Turkestan under command of Galidja-biy (leader of Kushchi Kyrgyz tribe) against Oirats (Kalmaks, Jungars) End of XVI Oirats forced out the Kyrgyz from Eastern Tenir Too 1607 50-60 thousands of Torgouts (Kalmak tribes) migrated to Volga 1620 – 1630s Sokur-biy Kushchi took part in politics of Eastern Turkestan 1634 – 1654 Erdeni-Batur is khuntaishi of Oirats 1638 – 1670 Abdulla-khan is ruler of Eastern Turkestan 1652 First record of placement of the Kyrgyz under the authority of Kalmaks 1654 – 1676 Intestine war between sons of Erdeni-Batur led to independence of the Kyrgyz in Tenir Too 1676 – 1697 Galdan-Boshoktu (son of Erdeni-Batur) is khuntaishi of Oirats 1681 – 1685 Conquest of Sayram (Shymkent), territory of the modern Kyrgyz Republic and Fergana by Oirats; migration of the Kyrgyz to Pamir, Alay and Eastern Turkestan 1680 – 1690s Hegemony of the Kyrgyz biys (Koisary-biy Chongbagysh, Yolbuldy-biy, Arzu-Mukhammedbek Kypchak) in Eastern Turkestan; struggle against Oirats 1697 – 1727 Zevan-Rabtan is khuntaishi of Oirats 1722 – 1723 Captan Unkovsky – envoy of Russia wrote about Buruts (as Kalmak named the Kyrgyz) that “they live around Tuskol… about 5000 tents with 3000 army”… 1727 – 1745 Galdan-Zeren is khuntaishi of Oirats; Kyrgyz forced out from Badakhshan, Pamir and Tenir Too to Khotan, Gissar and Fergana 1745 – 1750 Zevan-Dodchji is khuntaishi of Oirats 1748 – 1749 Struggle of the Kyrgyz against Oirats in Eastern Turkestan 1750 – 1754 Struggle between Amursana and Davazi in Oirat state 1754 Raid of Fergana Kyrgyz headed by Kubad-biy Kushchi against Oirats in Ili region 1755/56 Joint campaign of the Kyrgyz and Kashgar commanded by Kubad-biy Kushchi against Yarkend ruled by Daniel-khoja 1758 Annihilation of Jungar state by Qin empire 1758/59 Return of the Kyrgyz to Tenir Too and protectorate of Qin empire over the Kyrgyz 1762 Kokand biy Irdana seized lands around Osh, ruled before by khaji-biy – leader of Adygine Kyrgyz tribe 1770 Kazakh khan Ablai attacked Northern Kyrgyz 1784 First embassy of the Kyrgyz to Russia from Atake-biy 1805 – 1832 Conquest of territory of the modern KR by Kokand 1816 Uprising of Kashgar Kyrgyz against Qin government 1817 Beginning of aggressive campaigns of Kokand khanate against the Kyrgyz 1821 Uprising of the Kyrgyz of Ketmen-Tobo against Kokand 1825 Uprising of Jangir-khoja against Qin which supported by the Kyrgyz 1830s Revolt of the Kyrgyz of Naryn leaded by Taylak against Kokand 1841 Rebellion in Kokand against Madali khan; Kokand conquered by Bukhara Emirate 1842 Uprising against Bukhara in Kokand; expulsion of Bukharians from Kokand 1843 Khudoyar came to the throne of Kokand khanate 1846 – 1847 Northern Kyrgyz repulsed aggression of Kazakh khan Kenesary Kasym uly 1853 Russian troops seized Kokand stronghold Ak-Mechet in Southern Kazakhstan 1855 Kyrgyz tribe Bugu submitted Russian rule 1857 Kyrgyz and Kazakh rebels took Kokand fortress Aulie-Ata (Taraz) 1858 Uprising of Kyrgyz and Kazakh against Kokand in Tashkent, Chu, Margelan August-September 1860 Russian army seized Kokand strongholds Tokmak and Pishpek October 1860 Kokand army defeated by Russians in Uzun-Agach battle 1861 Kokand won back Tokmak and Pishpek 1862 Russian supported by the Kyrgyz seized Tokmak and Pishpek second time 1863 Russian troops seized Kokand strongholds Jumgal and Kurtka in Naryn 1864 First Russian fortress Aksuu built in Ysyk-Kol 1865, February 12 Establishment of Turkestan Oblast 1865, May 17 Tashkent seized by Russian troops 1867, July 11 Establishment of Turkestan governor-generality and Turkestan military command 1867 Uprising of Alai Kyrgyz against Kokand 1868 Kokand became a vassal of Russian Empire 1873 – 1874 Uprising of Kyrgyz and Uzbeks against Kokand khan Khudoyar 1875 – 1876 Uprising of Kyrgyz, Uzbeks and Tajiks against Kokand khan Khudoyar leaded by Pulat-khan 1875, July 17 Flight of Khudoyar khan from Kokand 1876, February 19 Abolishment of Kokand Khanate and establishment of Fergana Oblast 1877 – 1883 Resettlement of Dungans and Uigurs on the territory of KR 1895 Russian-English agreement on delimitation in Pamir 1898 Andijan uprising against Russian government 1905 – 1907 First Russian Revolution 1907 Reforms of Stolypin in Russia and resettlement of Russian peasants on the territory of KR 1916 Uprising against Russian government and Urkun – panic flight of the Northern Kyrgyz to China 1917, February 27 Revolution and dethronement of Nicolas II 1917, October 25 (November 7) Bolshevik Revolution and beginning of civil war in Russia 1918 – 1920 Civil war on the territory of Turkestan and Basmachi movement 1919, July Tup (Тюп) uprising against Bolsheviks 1919, December Belovodsk uprising against Bolsheviks 1920, November Naryn uprising against Bolsheviks 1921 “Land-water reform” in Northern Kyrgyzstan 1922, December 30 Establishment of USSR 1924, October 14 Establishment of Kara-Kyrgyz Autonomous Oblast in RSFSR 1924 – 1925 National delimitation of Turkestan ASSR (Central Asia) 1925, May 25 Kara-Kyrgyz Autonomous Oblast renamed as Kyrgyz Autonomous Oblast 1926, February 1 Kyrgyz Autonomous Oblast proclaimed as Kyrgyz Autonomous Socialist Republic in RSFSR 1927 “Land-water reform” in Southern Kyrgyzstan 1928 Beginning of collectivization of peasant and formation of kolkhoz slave system 1936, December 5 Kyrgyz Autonomous Socialist Republic proclaimed as Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic in USSR 1937 Peak of Stalin’s repressions in USSR 1939 Beginning of World War II 1941 – 1945 USSR in World War II – “Great Patriotic War” 1950 – 1961 Iskhak Razzakov is first secretary of Kyrgyz communist party 1961 – 1986 Turdakun Usubaliev is first secretary of Kyrgyz communist party 1985, March 11 Beginning of reforms in USSR – Gorbachev’s perestroika 1986 – 1990 Masaliev is first secretary of Kyrgyz communist party 1990 Introduction of presidency institution in USSR 1990, October 27 Askar Akaev was elected as President of Kyrgyz SSR in parliament 1991, August 19-21 Putsch against Gorbachev 1991, August 31 Declaration of independence of Republic of Kyrgyzstan 1991, October 12 Akaev was elected as president in national elections 1993, May 5 New constitution of Kyrgyz Republic adopted in parliament 1993, May 10 Introduction of national currency - som 1994, October Dissolution of “Legendary parliament” and beginning of authoritarian regime of Akaev 2002, March 17 Shooting of oppositional demonstration in Aqsy 2005, March 24 Overthrow of Akaev 2005, July 10 Bakiev was elected as president

Хорошую работу делаете. Может это пригодится. Жалко, что нельзя поставить таблицу. как-то составлял. Dateline of Ancient and Medieval History of the Kyrgyz and the Kyrgyz Republic Time Tenir Too and Central Asia South Siberia, Mongolia and China I-V A.D. Kyrgyzisation of Upper Yenisei tribes including Ugor, Samodiy, Kettic tribes. Tashtyk culture in Yenisei ca. 50 – 250 A.D. Fergana valley in Kushan state Spread of Buddhism in Central Asia ca. 50 Kujula Kadphises, one of the Yueh-chih yabghus founded Kushana Empire The middle of the II A.D. Kanishka adopted Buddhism as sate religion of Kushana empire 155 T’an-shih-huai elected as patriarch of Hsien-pi 159 T’an-shih-huai repulsed Ting-ling attacks on the north, defeated Wu-sun on the west, and invaded China. 161 Great Plunder in China by T’an-shih-huai 181 T’an-shih-huai died III A.D. T'an-shih-huai's raids led to migration of the Hsiung-nu to Europe and migration of the Ting-ling and Chien-k’un to the Southern Siberia where these two peoples initiated the formation of the Yenisei Kyrgyz. 220 Fall of Han dynasty, it replaced by Three Kingdoms 242-243 or perhaps as late as 265 A.D Persians brought Kushan power to an end The middle or the end of III A.D. Part of the former Hsiung-nu confederation known in Chinese sources as Yuepan (“High Cart”), forced out Wu-sun from Ili River valley. ca. 353 Chionites (Huns) came from Jungaria to Sogdia 356 Peace agreement between Chionites and Sasanid emperor Sapur II (309-379) 360 Hunnic "king" or chieftain, Grumbates, participated in Sapur's war against Byzantium 372 Chionites supported uprising of governor of Balkh Arshakid, who smashed Persians 378 Sasanids found such support from Hephthalites – another one group of the former Hsiung-nu confederation. Hephthalites scotched a mutiny of Arshakid 385 Hephthalites took part in siege of Edessa, Byzantine citadel in Syria on the side of Persian army 386-534 T'o-pa (Tabgach) succeeded in creating a northern state known as the Wei kingdom 402 Juan-juan had formed a nomad empire in the steppe 418-419 Jou-Jan waged war with the Hsiung-nu of Jeti Suu and Yueh-chih. They reached Tarbagatay Mountains and made the leader of Yueh-chih Chi-to-lo (Kidara) migrate southward in Sogdiana. War between Kidarites and Hephthalites 427 Kidarites were defeated by Persians and Hephthalites by Indiands 454 Kidarites managed to beat the Persians 455 Military alliance between Kidarites and Hephthalites against Iran and India 456 Hephtalites were banished from India to the Northern Afghanistan 457-459 Defeated Hephthalites were invited by pretender to Sasanid throne Peroz and took part in intestine war in Iran against his brother Hormizd III 459 The leader of Hephthalites known in Persian sources by name (or probably title) Axsunwar leaped forward this success and attacked one of his rivals – Wars (Avars, War-Huns) in Jeti Suu and defeated them. Unlucky Avars migrated westward. 465-468 Hephthalites in alliance with Persian protégé Peroz attacked Kidarites and drove them into India. Approximately in this period they also began to conquer Eastern Turkestan (Western Regions). Pursuing Kidarites, Hephtalites conquered the North-Western India. After this victory Hephtalites drove Chionites from Sogd and became masters of the lands of the whole Central Asia and Northern India. 484 Hephthalites killed Peroz who had not obeyed them and plundered Iran and after 4 years of war they raised to the throne new marionette – Kavad (488-531) 487 Tiele rose in rebellion against Jou-Jan and migrated to the Southern Irtysh and destroyed Yuepan 491 Tiele state divided into two parts – Northern and Southern Tiele 495-496 Northern and Southern Tiele were conquered in 485-496 by Hephthalites 497 Hephthalites reached Karashar VI-XIII Chaa-Tas culture in Yenisei 510 Hehthalites lost the war in India 534 Northern Wei (T'o-pa) dynasty divided into a western branch, based on Ch'ang-an (the western Wei, or Chou), and an eastern branch (the eastern Wei, or Ch'i), based on Lo-yang. 545 Western Wei (534-57) formed an alliance with Bumin (T'u-men) from A-shi-na clan, a vassal of the Juan-juan and the future leader of the Turk 546 Turk armies suppressed a rebellion against the Juan-juan by a group of T'ieh-le tribes, who had formed a semi-autonomous empire (Kao-ch'e) in eastern Kazakhstan. 552 Tumen defeated A-na-kuei (520-552) leader of Juan-juan Khaghanate. T'u-men exchanged his former title of yabghu for the supreme title of kaghan, while his brother, Ishtemi (552-76), took the title of yabghu. T’u-men died 552-553 Kou-lo (Kara Ysyk Khan) Turk Khaghan 553-572 Muhan Khagan 554 Muhan Khagan conquered the Hsien-ta (Hephthalites), the Qitan and the Ch'i-ku (Kyrgyz) 555 Turks reached Aral Sea 557 Turks (Ishtemi) concluded an alliance with the Sassanian emperor, Khosrow I, who married his daughter. 558 Ishtemi defeated Chionite Huns who soon appeared in the Pontic steppes as 'Avars'. Turks extended their power to the Volga River 562 Turks and Iran attacked Hephthalites 564 Ishtemi took Chach (Tashkent) 565 Hephthalites were finally crushed in 565 near Nesef (Karshi) 567-571 Turks captured Northern Caucasus 568 Embassy of Maniakh sent by Ishtemi to Constantinople (Byzantium) to Justin II. Ishtemi demanded that Persia pay him the tributes they had once paid the Hephthalites August 569 Embassy of Zemarkhos sent by Justin II to Ishtemi. Ishtemi presented to emperor one captive Kyrgyz girl 569-571 War between Iran and Turks 572-581 T’o-po Khaghan 572 T’o-po Khaghan adopted Buddhism 576 Turks with Utrighur help seized Bosporus (modern Kerch). Ishtemi died 576-603 Tardu Yabghu Qagan– son of Ishtemi 581-584 Abrui uprising in Jeti Suu against Turks T’o-po died. Sun dynasty established in China 581-593 Civil war in Turk Khaghanate 588-589 Turks (Yang Soguh) invaded Iran, but crushed by by a Sassanian army under Bahrain Chobin, one of the folk heroes of middle Persian epic VII-XI Monuments of Turk Runic Inscription in Yenisei, Mongolia, Eastern Turkestan, Central Asia and Eastern Europe 603 Turk Khaghanate divided into two parts – Western and Eastern 618 T’ang dynasty established in China 618-630 T’ung-she-hu Yabghu Qagan of Western Turk Khaghanate 630 Eastern Khaghanate occupied by T’ang 634-639 Sha-po-lo divided Western Turks into On Oq tribal confederation consisted from Dulu and Nu-shih-pi 659 Western Khaghanate formally came under T’ang empire 680s Revolts in Eastern and Western Khaghanates 681 Qutluq rose against T’ang 682-691 Qutluq (with throne name Elteres) Qagan established Second Eastern Khaghanate 691-716 Qapagan Qagan in Eastern Turk Khaghanate 704 Last Western Turk Qagan Ashina Sin killed by Turgesh Baga Tarkhan Uch-El (Uchele) 704-766 Turgesh Khaghanate in Jeti Suu (including Yellow and Black Turgesh) 704-708 Uchele (Uch El) Qagan 706 708-711 Soge Qagan 711 Turgesh Qagan Soge defeated and took prisoner by Turks Kyrgyz Qagan Barsbek defeated by Turks 716-734 Bilge Qagan – ruler of Second Eastern Qaganate 717-738 [Che-pi Shih-cho] Sulu Qagan (Black Turgesh) 738 Sulu was stricken by paralysis and killed by his vassals with titles Baga Tarkan and Tutuq 744 Basmyl and Uigurs crushed Second Eastern Turk Qaganate 744-840 Uigur Qaganate 748 Suyab – capital of Turgesh state – destroyed by T’ang commander K’ao Hsyan-chi 750-751 Kyrgyz-Uigur war 751 T’ang general K’ao Hsyan-chi defeated by Muslims under Ziyad ibn Salih 756 Intestine war between Black and Yellow Turgesh 758 Uigurs override Kyrgyz 759 Karluks seized Talas and Suyab 766-940 Karluk domination in Jeti-Suu 840 Kyrgyz crushed Uigur Qaganate after 20 years of war. Kyrgyz Great-Power State in Eastern Steppe 874-999 Fergana under Samanid dynasty 893 Ismail Samanid campaign against Karluks in Talas 904 Kyrgyz took part in civil war in China on the side of Li Ke-yun ca. beginning from 920 Kyrgyz were driven away from Mongolia ca. 940-1212 Qaraxanid dynasty in Central Asia 955 Satuq Bugra Xan (in Islam – Abd al-Karim) adopted Islam not long before death in same year 960 Baytash – son of Satuq converted in Islam 200 000 tents of Turks 999 Qaraxanid Nasr Ilig took Buhara and deposed Samanids in Mavarannahr 1001 Peace agreement between Qaraxanid Nasr Ilig and Gaznavid Mahmud 1006/1008 Qaraxanids invaded Khorasan but parried by Gaznavids 1040 Seljuks crushed M’asud Gaznavid near Dandanakan 1069-1070 Yusuf Has Hajip (Balasaguni) wrote The Wisdom of Royal Glory (Qutadgu Bilig) 1072-1077 Mahmud Kashgari wrote Vocabulary of Turkic Languages (Divan Lugat at-Turk) 1125 Qidan empire Liao destroyed by Jurchens 1128 Kara-Kytays under gur-xan Yeh-lu-Tashi came in Central Asia and founded the city on Emil River in Tabbagatay. Wars with Kyrgyz on the north 1129-1130 Kara-Kytays occupied Western Tenir Too 1130-1218 Xi (Western) Liao state of Kara-Kytays in Central Asia 1134 Kara-Kytay commander Xiao Walile attacked the Kyrgyz 1141 Kara-Kytays defeated Seljuks in Qatvan steppe 1143 Gur-xan Yeh-lu Tashi died; reign og his wife Tabuyang 1151-1163 Gur-xan Ile – son of Yeh-lu Tashi 1163-1178 Reign of Pusuwang, sister of Ile 1178 Pusuwang killed 1178-1211 Gur-xan Chilugu – son of Ile 1206 Temujin became Great Khan of Mongols with throne name – Genghis-xan 1207 Kara-Kytays defeated Mohammed Khwaresm-shah Kyrgyz inals Altan and Buqra obeyed to Jochi – son of Genghis-khan 1208 Naimans under Kuchluk came to Kara-Kytays 1210 Defeated by Mohammed Khwaresm-shah in Talas Kara-Kytays seized their own capital – Balasagun and killed 47000 citizens 1211 Kuchluk seized Balasagun and proclaimed himself as gur-khan 1212 Last Qaraxanid – Osman – ruler of Samarkand killed by Mohammed Khwaresm-shah 1218 Uprising of Tumats and Kyrgyz against Mongols put down by Jochi 1219-1221 Central Asia occupied by Mongols

Да сейчас в киргизском "алкыш" используется как спасибо. в турецком - аплодисменты. так что я вклал два смысла

Не знаю как насчет Мин ши, но я слышал, что династийные хроники китайцев писались после свержения династии, о которой и шла речь. естественным было обвинить предыдущую династию во всех грехах и в том, что из-за этого они и потеряли мандат неба. тут не китайцы сами на себя наговаривают, а по сути победители (политики) на побежденных. если источник Мин ши и писала династия после них, то понятно откуда полмиллиона погибших. "самим на себя" там никак не получится Хотя если евнух взяточник почему бы и нет?

скиньте пожалуйста на elbilge@mail.ru? ,буду признателен

Как называется головной убор невесты у монголов. Связан ли он с культом плодородия или Умай Половчанка Монголка - - Ымай - Умай - киргизские узоры -

Алкыш enhd. про монголов конечно же имел в виду ойратов. ошибка в написании