Sartuul Mongol

What is the language in above letter? Arabic or Turkic?

Good job Enhd , Thanks for posting. Is there any English translation?

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- http://thestar.com.my/genghiskhan/ GENGHIS KHAN LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES Public Lecture By JOHN MAN Tuesday, 12 Sept 2006 - Cititel Mid Valley, Kuala Lumpur (3.00pm-5.30pm) Thursday, 14 Sept 2006 - Cititel Penang, Penang (3.00pm-5.30pm) About Genghis Khan: Genghis Khan is one of the greatest leaders in world history. A military and political genius, he united the quarrelling Mongol tribes and forged a powerful and mobile army. Genghis Khan conquered all that was before him and created the most extensive, contiguous empire the world has ever seen. About the Speaker: John Man read German and French at Keble College, Oxford, before doing two postgraduate courses, a diploma in the History and Philosophy of Science at Oxford and Mongolian at London University's School of Oriental and African Studies. After training in journalism with Reuters, he became a correspondent in Bonn, Germany. He left to edit the partwork The History of the 20th Century. He then joined Time-Life Books to edit the partwork The British Empire, done in conjunction with a 13-part BBC TV series, and went on to become Time-Life Book's European Editor. John Man has done scholarly research on Genghis Khan and is the first writer to have explored the hidden valley where the great Khan is believed to have died. From his studies he has produced many books and among them is a fascinating account of Genghis's rise and conquests ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Khalkha mongol womans' dress Khalkha mongol mans' dress

Ok, If my that particular comment was that much seriously hurting to you. I am deeply sorry for making such a unwise generalization. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PS:- But now i can say that i know much more genuine Kazakh guys than you who seems like under deep depression with overwelming insecurity, whining over nothing. You need to RELAX

Traditional dress of Kazakh people Bayan-Olgii Kazakh Women Bayan-Olgii Kazakh Man

I did not undermine originality of Kazakhstan-homeland of Kazakhs. As for Mongolia, Mongolia is still You might be right. I have never been in Kazakhstan. I don't get what you are trying to tell me. I did not say that Eagle hunting as indicator of a nation's authenticity. All i can say is that my friend/former classmate Cerikbai told me once Kazakhs of Bayan-Olke are only people who still have eagle hunting. If you have your proof that is fine, show me your pictures. I did not say about inferiority of anyone. I think you are on edge of depression that suspecting everyone as hostile. Relax- is my advise for you

Mr Tmadi!!! You are making situation very complicated. I have no wish to argue with you over racism or someone's inferiority complex because i am myself not that familiar with those terms which i or we don't use such words in our entire life. Are you from US? As i know racism is quite serious legal issue there. I don't want to go that far. END ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

How can it be racist statement when we are same race ? Don't exagerate , if you are too sensitive to such comments, keep your issues in yourself -Ok. I meant that Kazakhs in Mongolia are quite original in their way of life, belief, custom and language. They don't mix with Mongolians, Mongolians respect their identity and cultural differences. Aren't they wonderful people who kept the great tradition of Eagle hunting. Mongols already forget their tradition of eagle hunting and falconry. Kazakhs of Mongolia is only people who keep it alive

I think you are wrong. Kazakh national costume is as same as it was 100 years ago. Little picture on the map is also correct image for kazakh woman. While i am reading the post, i realized that Kazakhs in Mongolia are more genuine Kazakh than others.

Ariunaa-Xox Mongoliin ur sad http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xC6XrQHe5_8 Hurd- Mongoloor goyodog bi. Mongolia my decor http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ec1P-eqA_S8 Ariuna- Chi min' Ariuna-Jargaj uzeegui zul durlal- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bG7K5KS8Iq4 Nominjin- Ulemjiin chanar http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vohQcJtgW7g Camerton-Maamuu naash ir - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DsHOdG0nys Camerton- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GIfA3wfMgCg Camerton -Since i saw you http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8NfMaJjz7pw Camerton-Hairlaya chamaigaa http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hn7ZnGjsNfM Eba(camerton)-That Night http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vv_S7MIrkGE Otgoo-Sometimes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Haoist6LtLM Bold-love in you're eyes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0ZDgDjzcDI Bold duet Nominjin-when (you kiss me) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vohQcJtgW7g Kiwi-Huslee helne http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RoPkZ-pSuUM Bayasgalan Botgon duu http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMZ2Sx1f2-o Lumino- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_3-FP_lTZA Tatar http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fbcBNUEUuSc Naraa- Love http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NDF-4df8mBA Timon-chinii l Omno http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NtYexxd8Kmk Baidrag- 3-n jil http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8slhWvPQXYQ Inner Mongolian? -Mongol folk song Tsagaan Zam-Kalmykia- Eejdee Night train-blue bird http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Bpj1gPCH5U Black rose-seal of sky http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_D-Y0mB4oA Kiwi-Boldoggui shuu http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F-TLdhuwcPA Baidrag&Kivi- chamaig bi xairaar dutaalu http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKMUKxkyMRA Chono & Serchmaa - Ene Durlal Yum uu http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8sWEHujl33U Ariuna- Steppe Mongolia Inner Mongolian? -Mongol folk song Tsagaan Zam-Kalmykia- Eejdee Dalai-you're my love http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=87YS0lje2Xk Haranga-xaluun setgel http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fmYAx6iFxCI

Mongolia in XX century 1 Dec 1911 Mongolia (Bogd Haan State) 19 Feb 1920 reannexation to China 3 Feb 1921 Mongolia (Bogd Haan State) 28 Nov 1924 Mongolian People's Republic 12 Feb 1992 Mongolia ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Chairmen of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party 3 Mar 1921 - Sep 1921 Soliyn Danzan (b. 1884 - d. 1924) Sep 1921 - 7 Jan 1922 Dogsomyn Bodoo (b. 1895 - d. 1922) 15 Mar 1922 - 2 Jan 1923 Tseren-Ochiryn Dambadorj (1st time) (b. 1899 - d. 1934) 2 Jan 1923 - 31 Aug 1924 Ajvaagiyn Danzan (b. 1895 - d. 1932) 31 Aug 1924 - Oct 1928 Tseren-Ochiryn Dambadorj (2nd time) (s.a.) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Secretaries of the Central Committee of the MPRP (jointly) 11 Dec 1928 - 30 Jun 1932 жlziytiyn Badrah (b. 1895 - d. 1941) 11 Dec 1928 - 13 Mar 1930 Bat-Ochiryn Eldev-Ochir (1st time) (b. 1905 - d. 1937) 11 Dec 1928 - 30 Jun 1932 Peljidiyn Genden (b. 1892 - d. 1937) 13 Mar 1930 - 30 Jun 1932 Zolbingiyn Shijee (b. 1901 - d. 1941) 30 Jun 1932 - 1937 Bat-Ochiryn Eldev-Ochir (2nd time) (s.a.) 30 Jun 1932 - 1933 Jambyn LhЭmbe (b. 1902 - d. 1934) 30 Jun 1932 - 1937 Dorgijavyn Luvsansharav (b. 1900 - d. 1941) 5 Oct 1934 - 15 Aug 1936 Has-Ochiryn Luvsandorj (b. 1910 - d. 1937) 7 Oct 1936 - 22 Feb 1940 Banzarjavyn Baasanjav (b. 1906 - d. 1940) 4 Jul 1939 - 8 Apr 1940 Dashiyn Damba (b. 1908 - d. 1993?) General secretaries of the Central Committee of the MPRP 8 Apr 1940 - 4 Apr 1954 Yumjaagiyn Tsedenbal (1st time) (b. 1916 - d. 1991) 4 Apr 1954 - 22 Nov 1958 Dashiyn Damba (s.a.) (first secretary) 22 Nov 1958 - 24 Aug 1984 Yumjaagiyn Tsedenbal (2nd time) (s.a.) (first secretary to 30 May 1981) 24 Aug 1984 - 14 Mar 1990 Jambyn BatmЖnh (b. 1926 - d. 1997) 14 Mar 1990 - 13 Apr 1990 Gombojavyn Ochirbat (b. 1929) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bogd Haan (reincarnated lama ruler) 1 Dec 1911 - 19 Feb 1920 Jabzandamba Hutagt Bogd Gegeen Ezen Haan (1st time) (b. 1869 - d. 1924) 3 Feb 1921 - 20 May 1924 Jabzandamba Hutagt Bogd Gegeen Ezen Haan (2nd time) (s.a.) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Acting head of state 20 May 1924 - 28 Nov 1924 Balingiyn Tserendorj Beyse (b. 1868 - d. 1928) Chairman of the State Great Hural 28 Nov 1924 - 29 Nov 1924 Navaandorjiyn Jadambaa Chairmen of the Presidium of the State Little Hural 29 Nov 1924 - 15 Nov 1927 Peljidiyn Genden (s.a.) 16 Nov 1927 - 23 Jan 1929 Jamtsangiyn DamdinsЭren (b. 1898 - d. 1938) 24 Jan 1929 - 27 Apr 1930 Horloogiyn Choybalsan (b. 1895 - d. 1952) 27 Apr 1930 - 2 Jul 1932 Losolyn Laagan (b. 1887 - d. 1940) 2 Jul 1932 - 22 Mar 1936 Agdanbuugiyn Amar (b. 1886 - d. 1941) 22 Mar 1936 - 9 Jul 1939 Dansrabilegiyn Dogsom (b. 1884 - d. 1941) 9 Jul 1939 - 6 Jul 1940 vacant 6 Jul 1940 - 6 Jul 1951 Gonchigiyn Bumtsend (b. 1881 - d. 1953) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Chairmen of the Presidium of the State Great Hural (from 7 Jul 1960, People's Great Hural) 6 Jul 1951 - 23 Sep 1953 Gonchigiyn Bumtsend (s.a.) 23 Sep 1953 - 7 Jul 1954 SЭhbaataryn Yanjmaa (f) (acting) (b. 1893 - d. 1962) 7 Jul 1954 - 20 May 1972 Jamtsarangiyn Sambuu (b. 1895 - d. 1972) 20 May 1972 - 29 Jun 1972 Tsagaanlamyn DЭgersЭren (acting) 29 Jun 1972 - 11 Jun 1974 Sonomyn Luvsan (acting) (b. 1924) 11 Jun 1974 - 23 Aug 1984 Yumjaagiyn Tsedenbal (s.a.) 23 Aug 1984 - 12 Dec 1984 Nyamyn Jagvaral (acting) (b. 1919) 12 Dec 1984 - 21 Mar 1990 Jambyn BatmЖnh (s.a.) 21 Mar 1990 - 3 Sep 1990 Punsalmaagiyn Ochirbat (b. 1942) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Presidents 3 Sep 1990 - 20 Jun 1997 Punsalmaagiyn Ochirbat (s.a.) 20 Jun 1997 - 24 Jun 2005 Natsagiyn Bagabandi (b. 1950) 24 Jun 2005 - Nambaryn Enkhbayar (b. 1958) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prime ministers Dec 1911 - 1919 Sain Noyon Khan Namnansuren (b. 1878 - d. 1919) 1919 - 1920 Khatan Baatar Maksarjav (b. 18... - d. 1920) 13 Mar 1921 - 16 Apr 1921 Dambyn Chadarjav (b. 1880 - d. 1922) 16 Apr 1921 - 7 Jan 1922 Dogsomyn Bodoo (s.a.) 3 Mar 1922 - 23 Jun 1923 Sodnomyn Damdinbazar (b. 1874 - d. 1923) 28 Sep 1923 - 28 Nov 1924 Balingiyn Tserendorj Beyse (s.a.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars (from 1946, chairmen of the Council of Ministers) 28 Nov 1924 - 13 Feb 1928 Balingiyn Tserendorj Beyse (s.a.) 21 Feb 1928 - 27 Apr 1930 Agdanbuugiyn Amar (1st time) (s.a.) 27 Apr 1930 - 2 Jul 1932 Tsengeltiyn Jigjidav (acting) (b. 1894 - d. 1933) 2 Jul 1932 - 22 Mar 1936 Peljidiyn Genden (s.a.) 22 Mar 1936 - 7 Mar 1939 Agdanbuugiyn Amar (2nd time) (s.a.) 24 Mar 1939 - 26 Jan 1952 Horloogiyn Choybalsan (s.a.) 28 May 1952 - 11 Jun 1974 Yumjaagiyn Tsedenbal (s.a.) 11 Jun 1974 - 12 Dec 1984 Jambyn BatmЖnh (s.a.) 12 Dec 1984 - 21 Mar 1990 Dumaagiyn Sodnom (b. 1933) 21 Mar 1990 - 11 Sep 1990 Sharavyn Gungaadorj (b. 1935) ------------------------------------------------------ Prime ministers Republic of Mongolia 11 Sep 1990 - 21 Jul 1992 Dashiyn ByambasЭren (b. 1942) 21 Jul 1992 - 19 Jul 1996 Puntsagiyn Jasray (b. 1933) 19 Jul 1996 - 23 Apr 1998 Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan (b. 1955) 23 Apr 1998 - 9 Dec 1998 Tsakhiagiyn Elbegdorj (1st time) (b. 1963) 9 Dec 1998 - 22 Jul 1999 Janlavyn Narantsatsralt (b. 1957) 22 Jul 1999 - 30 Jul 1999 Nyam-Osoryn Tuyaa (f) (acting) (b. 1958) 30 Jul 1999 - 26 Jul 2000 Rinchinnyamyn Amarjargal (b. 1961) 26 Jul 2000 - 13 Aug 2004 Nambaryn Enkhbayar (s.a.) 13 Aug 2004 - 20 Aug 2004 Chultem Ulaan (acting) (b. 1954) 20 Aug 2004 - 25 Jan 2006 Tsakhiagiyn Elbegdorj (2nd time) (s.a.) 25 Jan 2006 - Miyeegombo Enkhbold (b. 1964)

You are right. They were once Mongol, now they Hazaras. Need more info please read following site http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazara http://www.afghan-network.net/Ethnic-Groups/hazaras.html http://www.hazara.net/ One thing is sure that Although the Hazaras represent 6 million people in Afghanistan, not much is known about the origin of these people. There are many theories. Some believe that the Hazaras are descendents of Genghis Khan. Others believe they are the result of the Mongol soldiers invading the Turks, marrying, and having children. There are also people that are attempting to trace their ancestry by their mixed dialect, which seem to have traces of Dari, Arabic, Urdu, Farsi, Mongol, and Turkish. The Hazaras are very oppressed people. Since the 19th century, over half of the Hazara tribe have been killed because of their religion and mixed ethnicity. They have been forced to segregate and move to other cities in Afghanistan. The government has attempted to completely eliminate them as a political, religious, historical, and cultural group. The Hazaras are constantly struggling to maintain their current freedom which they work for every day. Despite over 200 years of discrimination, segregation, and persecution, the Hazaras are constantly gaining higher political and religious status, fighting back against the government and becoming a stronger, more unified group of people.

Here is some photos of Banhar. I love Banhars most graceful animal

Altan Ordyn Ulus- Batu Khan (Russian: Баты́й) (c. 1205 - 1255) was a Mongol ruler and the founder of the Blue Horde. Batu was a son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan. His Blue Horde became the Golden Horde