Лексические параллели

[Гость Герасим]

Помогите, пожалуйста, найти параллели.

1) др. тюрк. табылху "таволга" // уйг. ... ()., тув. ...()* в скобках литература или словарь для проверки*

2) др. тюрк. йох "высокое место" // алт. ...(), хак...(), тув...(), кирг. ...(), уйг....(), монг...(), бур... (),

ср.-монг. ...(), пись.-монг. ().

3. др. тюрк. хуз "степь" // алт. ...(), хак...(), тув...(), кирг. ...(), уйг....(), монг...(), бур... (),

ср.-монг. ...(), пись.-монг. ().

[Ар_]

Помогите, пожалуйста, найти параллели.

1) др. тюрк. табылху "таволга"

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *ti:\bu/lka

Meaning: a k. of blossoming bush

Russian meaning: вид цветущего кустарника

Turkic: *d(i)abylku

Mongolian: *c^ibaga

Tungus-Manchu: *di:bekte

Japanese: *tu\mpa/ki\

Comments: In Turkic one has to suppose vowel metathesis in a trisyllabic word (*dabylku < *dybulka). An interesting common Altaic plant name.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *d(i)abylku

Meaning: 1 Spiraea 2 jujube

Russian meaning:1 таволга 2 ююба

Old Turkic: tavylqu 1 (OUygh. - YB)

Karakhanid: tavylqu, tavylg|uc^ 2 (MK)

Turkish: davylga, davulgu (dial.) 1

Tatar: tubylg|y 1

Middle Turkic: tabulg|u, tubulg|u (Pav. C.) 'дерево с красной корой и гибкими ветками'

Azerbaidzhan: tuvulg|u (dial.)

Khakassian: tabylg|y 1

Oyrat: tabylg|y 1

Yakut: tobuluoskaj 1

Kirghiz: tabylg|y 1

Kazakh: tobylg|y 1

Bashkir: tubylg|y 1

Kumyk: toburg|u 1

Comments: EDT 441, Лексика 134. Turk. > Mong. tabilqa, tabilg|a id., whence again most modern Turkic forms (Tat. tubylg|y, Turk. tabulga, Yak. tamylg|an, Chuv. tupъlxa); see (somewhat differently) Аникин 521.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *c^ibaga

Meaning: jujube

Russian meaning: ююба

Written Mongolian: c^ibag|a(n), c^ibug|a (L 174)

Middle Mongolian: c^ibuqan (HY 7)

Khalkha: c^avga

Buriat: s^abga 'dried fruit'

Kalmuck: c^iwg@, c^ipk@

Ordos: c^iwaga

Dongxian: c^uc^uGa

Baoan: c^imx|an|

Shary-Yoghur: z^|u:xGan

Monguor: c^uGa (SM 439)

Comments: KW 442, MGCD 554. Mong. > late OT c^ybyqan 'jujube' (EDT 396).

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *di:be-kte

Meaning: 1 dwarf birch tree 2 black birch

Russian meaning: 1 карликовая береза 2 черная береза

Evenki: di:wekte 1

Even: diwug| 1, diwukeg| 1

Negidal: diwegde 1

Ulcha: diwegde 2

Orok: duwete 2

Nanai: diwegde 2

Oroch: duokte 2

Udighe: duekte 2 (Корм. 229)

Comments: ТМС 1, 203.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *tu\mpa/ki\

Meaning: Camelia

Russian meaning: камелия

Old Japanese: tubakji

Middle Japanese: tu\ba/ki\

Tokyo: tsu/baki

Kyoto: tsu\ba/ki\

Kagoshima: tsubaki/

Comments: JLTT 552. It is interesting to note MKor. ton|pa>ik, mod. ton|ba"k 'camelia': it is regarded as Sino-Korean, but written as "winter cypress" (冬柏), a character and meaning combination unattested in Chinese. With a great probability, therefore, MKor. ton|pa>ik is borrowed from Jpn. (not vice versa, as suggested by Martin ibid.).

[Ар_]

Помогите, пожалуйста, найти параллели.

2) др. тюрк. йох "высокое место"

Nostratic etymology :

Nostratic: *n|wVkV

Meaning: rise

Altaic: *n|i_o:\k`e\ ( ~ -k-)

Dravidian: *mUg-

Indo-European: *au_eg-

References: For Drav. cf. alternatively *mVKV.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *n|i_o:\k`e\ ( ~ -k-)

Meaning: to rise, elevation

Russian meaning: подниматься, возвышение

Turkic: *jok-

Tungus-Manchu: *n|o:Ke ~ *n|e:Ku

Japanese: *@\k@\-

Comments: The reconstruction of the diphthong in this root is based on PT *j-: one should suppose an early development *n|i_o:- > *jo- in Turkic (which explains the vocalic reflex). Cf. *i_u/gu 'up, above' (which could also influence the Turkic form due to mutual influence of synonymous *ju"g- and *jok-).

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *jok-

Meaning: 1 up, above 2 hill, elevation

Russian meaning: 1 вверх, наверх 2 возвышенность, подъем

Old Turkic: joqaru 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: joqaru 1, joq 2 (MK)

Turkish: jukary 1, jokus^ 2

Tatar: jug|ary 1

Middle Turkic: joqaru (AH), juqar (Pav. C.) 1, joqus^ (AH, Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: juqo|ri 1

Uighur: juqari 1

Azerbaidzhan: juxary, dial. uxary 1, joxus^ 2

Turkmen: joqary 1

Khakassian: c^og|ar 1

Halaj: juqqar 1

Yakut: sog|oru, sog|uru: 'South; centre'

Dolgan: soguru: 'South'

Kirghiz: z^|og|or(u) 1

Kazakh: z^og|ary 1

Bashkir: jug|ary 1

Balkar: og|ary 1

Gagauz: juqar(y) 1

Karaim: jog|ary 1, joqus^, joqys^ 2

Karakalpak: z^oqary 1

Comments: EDT 896, 906, ЭСТЯ 4, 213-214, 215, Stachowski 211.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *n|o:Ke ~ *n|e:Ku

Meaning: hill, high shore

Russian meaning: гора, высокий берег

Evenki: n|e:ke, n|o:ke, n|e:ku

Comments: ТМС 1, 667. Isolated in Evk., but having probable external parallels.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *@\k@\-

Meaning: to rise

Russian meaning: подниматься

Old Japanese: oku-

Middle Japanese: o\ku\-

Tokyo: oki/-

Kyoto: o\ki\-

Kagoshima: o\ki\-

Comments: JLTT 740. Modern dialects point rather to *@\k@/-; *-@- is reconstructed on the basis of the caus. OJ oko-s-.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *mUg-

Meaning : top

Proto-South Dravidian: *mUg-

Proto-Telugu : *mog-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *mUg-

Meaning : top; summit

Tamil : mukat.u

Tamil meaning : top, highest part, ridge of a roof, hump of a camel, platform

Tamil derivates : mo:t.u height, hill, eminence, top of a house, etc.; (?) mucci crown of the head, tuft of hair on the head, crest

Malayalam : mukat.u

Malayalam meaning : the head-end of a cloth

Malayalam derivates : mukal. top, summit, ridge, roof

Kannada : mogad.u, mogal.u, magil

Kannada meaning : ridge of roof

Tulu : mugili

Tulu meaning : turret, top as of a temple

Tulu derivates : mo:d.u hill

Proto-Nilgiri : *mokl.

Notes : If Tamil mucci belongs here, the original vowel is *-u-. Tulu mo:d.u is obviously a borrowing from Tamil.

Number in DED : 4888

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *mog@l.

Meaning : ridge of roof

Kota : moyl.

Toda : muxul.

Number in DED : 4888

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *mog-

Meaning : ridge of roof

Telugu : mogad.u

Inscriptional Telugu : mo:ru "peak"

Additional forms : Also mo:d.u raised or high ground

Number in DED : 4888

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *aweg-, -k-

Meaning: to increase

Old Indian: ugra/-, comp. o/ji:yas- `powerful, mighty', o/jas- n. `strength, power'; va/ks.an.a- `strengthening', vaks.ayati `to make grow', uks.a/ti, -te `to be strong'

Avestan: ugra-, comp. aoj^yah`stark, kra"ftig', aoj^ah-, aogah-, aogar@ `Kraft, Sta"rke'; vaxs^aiti `la"sst wachsen', uxs^yeiti `wa"chst'

Old Greek: au/_kso:, au_ksa/no:; ae/kso: `mehren fo"rdern; wachsen'

Baltic: *au^g- (prs. au^g-a-) (1) vb., *au^g-s^-t-a- (2) adj.; *au^g- (prs. au^g-a-) (1) vb., *au^g-s^-t-a- (2) adj.; *au^k-l-ia:̃ f., *au^k-l-e:^- (2?) vb., *u:k-aw-im-a- c., *uk-a-

Germanic: *auk-a- vb., *auk-ia- vb., *auk-an- m.; *wo:k-r-a- m., -o: f.; *wax-s-a-, *wax-s-ia- vb.; *a/ux-i-m-a-, *a/ux-u-m-a- adj.

Latin: augeo:, -e:re -xi:, -ctum `wachsen machen, vergro"ssern, vermehren', auctor, -o:r is m.`Fo"rderer, Veranlasser, Urheber, Gewa"hrsmann'; augmen, augmentum `Zuwachs', augustus `geweiht, heilig, erhaben', auxilium `Hilfe'

Other Italic: Umbr uhtur `auctor'

Celtic: (?) OIr u:aine, Ir, Gael uaine 'green'

Tokharian: A ok-, B auk- (PT *auk-) 'grow, increase', B auks- 'sprout, grow up', A oka"m, B auki (PT *auk(a")mi_a"(n)) n. 'increase' (Adams 130-131)

References: WP I 22 f

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Pokorny's dictionary :

Root: au_eg-, u_o:g-, aug-, ug-

English meaning: to magnify, increase

German meaning: `vermehren, zunehmen'

General comments: mit s-Formans au_ek-s-, auk-s-, u_ek-s-, uk-s-

Material: Ai. ugra/- `gewaltig' (Komp. Sup. o:/ji:yas-, o:/jis^.t.ha- `der kraftigere, kra"ftigste') = av. ugra- `stark, kra"ftig' (Komp. Sup. aojyah-, aojis^ta-).

lat. augeo:, -e:re `vermehren', auctor (= umbr. uhtur) `Urheber usw.', auctio: `Versteigerung', augmen(tum) `Zuwachs' (= lit. augmuõ `Wachstum', ai. o:jma/n- m. `Kraft'), augur `Weissager' aus *augos `Vermehrung' (WH. I 83);

got. aukan (Pra"t. ai/auk), auknan `sich mehren', ana-, bi-aukan `hinzufu"gen', ahd. ouhho:n, as. o:kian `vermehren', ags. e:acian `zunehmen', i:ecan `mehren', anord. auka (Pra"t. jo:k und aukad|a) `vermehren', st. Partiz. ags. e:acen, as. o:kan `vermehrt, schwanger';

lit. a/ugu, a/ugti (dehnstufig) `wachse', auginu\, -i\nti `wachsen lassen, erziehen', ablautend pa-u:ge`/ti `heranwachsen', ũgis `Wuchs, Jahreswuchs', lett. au^dze^t, au^dzina^t `aufziehen', apr. auginnons Part. Perf. Akt. `gezogen', alett. aukts `hoch' = lat. auctus, lett. aũgt `wachsen', wie auch thrak. Αὐθί-παρος `Hohenfurt', apr. Aucti-garbin, aucktai-rikijskan `Obrigkeit', aucktimmien `Vorsteher', woneben mit dem s des -es-St. (s. unten) lit. a/uks^tas, lett. au^ksts `hoch' (: lat. augustus `erhaben'), apr. auck-timmiskan f. (Akk.) `Obrigkeit', apr. au:gus `geizig' (als `mehrend'), lit. a/ugumas, lett. au^gums `Wachstum';

es-St. ai. o:/jas- n. `Kraft, Sta"rke', av. aojah-, aogah- (ebenso r-St. aogar@) `Kraft, Sta"rke', lat. augustus s. oben (ebenso lit. usw. a/uks^tas); dazu mit s im Verbum:

ai. va/ks.an.a-m `Sta"rkung', vaks.a/yati `la"s|t wachsen', av. vaxs^aiti `la"s|t wachsen', woneben mit schwa"chster Wzstufe ai. u/ks.ati `erstarkt' (Perf. vava/ks.a), av. uxs^yeiti `wa"chst'; got. wahsjan `wachsen' (= ai. vaks.ayati, idg. Iter.-Kaus. *u_okse/i_o:; damit verband sich das o:-stufige Perf. wo:hs zum Paradigma; s. Brugmann IF. 32, 180, 189);

gr. ἀ()έξω `mehre', ἀέξομαι `wachse'; αὔξω, αὐξάνω `vermehre, `steigere', lat. auxilium `Hilfe' (urspru"ngl. Pl. -iа `Versta"rkungen, Hilfstruppen', N. Pl. eines auxilis `zur Versta"rkung dienlich');

anord. vaxa, vexa `wachsen', ahd. wahsan, nhd. wachsen, wuchs, wozu z. B. got. wahstus `Wachstum, Wuchs, Leibesgro"s|e', ahd. wa(h)smo `Wachstum' u. dgl.; toch. A oksis^ `wa"chst', A oks^u, В auks^u `alt'; nach Van Windekens Lexique 79 auch hierher AB oko `Frucht', A okar `Pflanze'; dagegen Pedersen Tochar. 227.

Hierher mit Dehnstufe u_o:g-: got. wo:krs m. `Zins', ags. wo:cor f. `Nachkommenschaft, Zins' (vgl. gr. τόκος in denselben Bedeutungen), ahd. wuohhar m. `Ertrag des Bodens, Leibesfrucht, Nachkommenschaft, Gewinn, Zins, Wucher' (dazu steir. wiech `ausgiebig, u"ppig, bla"tterreich' als Umlaut? Etwas anders Schroeder Abl. 57 f.), da in der nicht mit s erweiterten Wzf. au_eg- die Stufe u_eg- in air. fe:r, cymr. gwair `Gras' belegt ist; wohl mit derselben Ablautstufe ai. va:/ja-h. `Kraft, Gut, Reichtum, Wettpreis, Wettlauf, urspru"ngl. `rasche, erfolgreiche Energie', Oldenberg ZdMG. 50, 443 ff.

References: WP. I 22 f., WH. I 82 f., 850, Feist 67, 541, 572, Pedersen Tochar. 227.

Pages: 84-85

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *au^g- (prs. au^g-a-) (1) vb., *au^g-s^-t-a- (2) adj. || *au^k-l-a:^, -ia:̃ f. (1), *au^k-l-e:^- (1) vb., *u:k-aw-im-a- c., *uk-a-

Meaning: grow

Lithuanian: a/ugti (a/uga) `wachsen, gro"sser werden', a/ugala-s, augesti-s 'Wuchs, Gro"sse, Statur', aũgala-s 'Gewa"chs, Pflanze', augli:̃-s 'Gewa"chs, Tumor', auge\snis 'a"lter', u:̃gi-s 'Wuchs', u:̃gi-s, u:̃gli-s 'Schoss, Scho"ssling, Zweig', u:gi\nti 'aufziehen', augi\nti 'ds.'; a/uks^ta- `hoch'; a/ukle:ti-z^mo:/ne:s `Erwachsene', auku/oju `hebe ein Kind auf und nieder', u:kavimas `Schaukeln, Schwanken', a/ukle: `Kinderwa"rterin'

Lettish: au^gt (-gu, -gu) 'wachsen, gro"sser werden, zunehmen; durch Wachsen entstehen', au^glis 'Frucht; Leibesfrucht'; au^gsts 'hoch hochgestellt, vornehm' || aũkle^t `(ein Kind) warten, auf den Ha"nden tragen und schaukeln', aũkle, aũkla, aũklis 'Kinderwa"rterin'

Old Prussian: auginnons 'gezogen', poaugints 'auferzogen'; aucktimiskan 'Obrigkeit', aucktairikijskan 'ds.', auctimmiein 'Obersten'; ucka- praef. zur Bildung des Superlativs

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *aukan- vb., *aukian- vb., *auke:n, *wo:kra-z, -o:; *waxsan-, *waxsian- vb.; *a/uxima-, *a/uxuma-

Meaning: increase

Gothic: aukan st. `increase'; wahsjan st. `grow'; *wo:kr-s `interest'; comp. auhuma adj. `higher', auhumist `ho"chster',

Old Norse: auka red. `vermehren, vergro"ssern, u"bertreffen, erzeugen'; vaxa st. `wachsen', vexa wk. `wachsen machen'

Norwegian: auka; vaksa

Old Swedish: o"ka, o"kia; va"xa; OGutn auka

Swedish: o"ka; va"xa

Old Danish: o"ka", o"ga"

Danish: o"ge; vokse

Old English: { weaxan }; e:acan (e:oc, e:ocon; e:acen) `to be increased, augmented, enlarged, indued', i:can (i:ecan, i:cean, u":hte) (i:hte/i:kte) `eke, increase, add to, augmnnt', e:aca, -an `addition, eeking, increase, usury, advantage'; wo:cor, -e f. `increase, fruit, offspring'; u":most `highest'

English: wax

Old Frisian: wo:ker `interest'; waxa

Old Saxon: o:kian `vermehren'; wahsan

Middle Dutch: woeker m. `woejer, interest'; wassen (wies); o:ken `vermeenderen'

Dutch: woeker m.; wassen

Old Franconian: wahson

Middle Low German: wassen; wo:ker `rente, woeker'

Old High German: ouhho:n `vermehren'; wahsan (8.Jh.); wuohhar m., n. `Ertrag des Bodens, Leibesfrucht, Nachkommenschaft, Gewinn, Zins, Wucher' (8.Jh.)

Middle High German: ouchen wk. refl. 'sich vermeheren, vergro"ssern'; wahsen st. 'wachsen, auf-, erwachsen'; wuocher st. m., n. 'ertrag, frucht; leibesfrucht, kind, nachkommenschaft; zuchtvieh, zuchstier'

German: wachsen; Wuchs m.; Wucher m.

[Ар_]

Помогите, пожалуйста, найти параллели.

3. др. тюрк. хуз "степь"

Может имеется в виду ТУЗ ="степь, поле", как производная слова ТУЗ,ТУЗУ = "ровный, плоский"?

В "Древнетюркском словаре" ТУЗ ЖЕР = "ровное место"

Казахский

Русский

туз

поле

степь

чужбина

тузу

исправный

корректный

правильный

прямой

ровный

Nostratic etymology :

Nostratic: *CVr/V

Meaning: straight

Altaic: *c^i_ur/i

Uralic: sir3

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *c^i_ur/i

Meaning: even, straight

Russian meaning: ровный, прямой

Turkic: *du"r/

Mongolian: *c^ir-

Korean: *c^y\ry\-

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 13. The Mong. reflex is not quite certain: it is attested only in Kalm. and not quite satisfactory vocalically. The root is phonetically very close to *c^i_u/r/u 'string', and was obviously liable to contaminations (in particular, Jpn. *tu/ra/ 'row' may actually continue either root).

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *du"r/

Meaning: even, level

Russian meaning: 1 ровный 2 упорядочивать

Old Turkic: tu"z (Orkh., OUygh.) 1, tu"z- (OUygh.) 2

Karakhanid: tu"z 1, tu"z- 2 (MK, KB)

Turkish: du"z 1, du"z- 2

Tatar: to"z 1, to"z- 2

Middle Turkic: tu"z 1 (MA), tu"z- 2 (Sangl.)

Uzbek: tuz- 2

Uighur: tu"z- 2

Sary-Yughur: tu"z 1, tu"z- 2

Azerbaidzhan: du"z 1, du"z- 2

Turkmen: du"z 1, du"z- 2

Khakassian: tu"s 1, tu"z-e-t- 2

Shor: tu"s 1, tu"z-e-t- 2

Oyrat: tu"s 1, tu"ze- 2

Chuvash: tu"r@, to"r@ (NW) 1

Tofalar: du"s

Kirghiz: tu"z 1

Kazakh: tu"z-e- 2

Noghai: tu"z- 2

Bashkir: to"d|o"- 2

Balkar: tu"z 1, tu"z-e-t- 2

Gagauz: du"z 1, du"z- 2

Karaim: tu"z, tiz 1, tu"z-, tu"zu"- 2

Karakalpak: du"z 1, du"z-, du"ze-, tu"ze- 2

Salar: tu"z, tiz 1

Kumyk: tu"z 1

Comments: See ЭСТЯ 3, 309-312, VEWT 508, EDT 571, 572. The word is interacting with *dir/- 'to string, thread' (v. sub *c^i_u/r/u).

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *c^ir-

Meaning: straight

Russian meaning: прямой

Written Mongolian: c^irag|a, c^irg|a

Kalmuck: c^irg|@

Comments: KW 442.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *c^y\ry\-

Meaning: to go straightly, take a short way

Russian meaning: идти напрямик

Modern Korean: c^iry-

Middle Korean: c^y\ry\-

Comments: Nam 436, KED 1530.